Managing Files and Folders

 Managing Files and Folders

Q.1. What is an operating system?

Q.2. What is Windows 10?

Q.3. Name some popular versions of Windows?

Q.4. Who developed Windows?

Q.5. Describe the Cortana Virtual assistant.

Q.6. Describe the start menu of Windows 10?

Q.7. How is snap assist helpful in Windows?

Q.8. Describe the Microsoft Edge Web Browser.

Q.9. Where are store apps found? How is it helpful?

Q.10. Does Windows 10 support multiple desktops?

Q.11. What is booting?

Q.12. Describe the start button.

Q.13. Which options are displayed in the start menu?

Q.14. Which option is present in Windows 10 instead of the Control Panel in Windows 7?

Q.15. When do we use tablet mode?

Q.16. What is similar to All Programs of Windows 7 in Windows 10?

Q.17. What is similar to the computer folder of Windows 7 and My computer of Windows XP in Windows 10?

Q.18. What is Linux? Name some popular versions of it.

Q.19. What is file explorer?

Q.20. How do you open file explorer?

Q.21. How are files identified?

Q.22. What is a file?

Q.23. What is a folder?

Q.24. How do you create a folder?

Q.25. What is the purpose of saving a file?

Q.26. How do you save a file?

Q.27. How do you open a file or folder?

Q.28. What do you mean by copying a file or folder?

Q.29. How do you copy a file or folder with commands?

Q.30. What are icons?

Q.31. How do you rename a file or folder?

Q.32. How do you delete a file or folder?

Q.33. What is the purpose of a shortcut?

Input, Output and Storage Devices

 Input, Output and Storage Devices

Q.1. _______________ is anything that reduces human effort.

Q.2. A _______________ is used to make machine operation smoothly.

Q.3. A computer system is made up of how many kinds of devices?

Q.4. What are input devices?

Q.5. Name some commonly used input devices.

Q.6. Describe a keyboard?

Q.7. Describe a mouse?

Q.8. Name the various types of mouse.

Q.9. What is a light pen?

Q.10. What is a joystick?

Q.11. Which device is known as the control column?

Q.12. What is a scanner?

Q.13. How many types of scanner are there?

Q.14. Which is the most commonly used scanner?

Q.15. What is a microphone?

Q.16. What is a webcam?

Q.17. Explain the function of the CPU?

Q.18. Name the three main components of the CPU?

Q.19. What is the full form of CU?

Q.20. What is the full form of ALU?

Q.21. What is the full form of MU?

Q.22. What are output devices?

Q.23. Name some output devices?

Q.24. What is the full form of VDU?

Q.25. Describe a monitor?

Q.26. What are pixels?

Q.27. Name the three types of monitors?

Q.28. What is the full form of 

i) CRT

ii) LCD

iii) LED

Q.29. What is a printer?

Q.30. The printed copy that we get from the printer is called ________ _________ _________.

Q.31. Name the three types of printers.

Q.32. Name two types of dot matrix printers.

Q.33. Describe Inkjet printers.

Q.34. Are inkjet printers impact or non-impact printers?

Q.35. Describe Laser Printers?

Q.36. Who invented the first laser printer and when?

Q.37. What was the name of the first laser printer?

Q.38. What is a plotter?

Q.39. What is the use of a plotter?

Q.40. What are speakers?

Q.41. What are storage devices?

Q.42. What are binary digits?

Q.43. What is the short form of binary digit?

Q.44. How is memory capacity helpful?

Q.45. How many types of memory are there in a computer?

Q.46. Describe internal memory?

Q.47. State the different types of Primary Memory?

Q.48. What is the full form of 

i) RAM

ii) ROM

Q.49. Explain RAM?

Q.50. Explain ROM?

Q.51. Describe external memory.

Q.52. What are the other names of external memory?

Q.53. State different external storage devices?

Q.54. Describe a hard disk.

Q.55. Who is regarded as the father of disk drive?

Q.56. Who invented the hard disk?

Q.57. What are CDs?

Q.58. Name the two types of CDs?

Q.59. What is a CD-R?

Q.60. What is CD-RW?

Q.61. What is the full form of DVD?

Q.62. Describe DVD.

Q.63. What is a floppy disk?

Q.64. Who invented the compact disk and when?

Q.65. What are Blu-Ray discs? Why are they called so?

Q.66. Describe Pen Drive?

Q.67. What is a multimedia card?

Q.68. What is the full form of MMC?

Direct and Indirect Speech

We use direct speech when we report what somebody A, has said by repeating within quotation marks, exactly the same words used by A.

We use indirect speech when we report what A has said without using the actual words used by A. So, quotation marks are not used.

Example :

Direct Speech - Karan said,"The sun rises in the east."

Indirect Speech - Karan said that the sun rises in the east.

When we change the mode of narration, that is, direct speech to indirect speech, or indirect to direct, we usually have to make some changes. These changes depend on the tense of the verb of speaking, who is saying what to whom, and how.

Look at the five examples given below carefully :

1. Teacher said,"Honesty is the best policy." (Assertive)
   Teacher said that honesty is the best policy.


2. Sam asked me,"Have you seen the Taj?" (Question)
   Sam asked me whether I had seen the Taj.


3. Joy said,"How cold it is today!" (Exclamation)
   Joy exclaimed that it was very cold that day.


4. The king said,"Everybody must help each other." (Order)
   The king ordered everybody to help each other.
   The king gave an order that everybody must help each other.


5. Rita said,"Mary, please keep quiet." (Request)
   Rita requested Mary to keep quiet.

We use the word that in place of comma in indirect speech to report what the speaker has spoken.

We use small letter in indirect speech to start the part of inverted commas.

Direct speech is always written within inverted commas ("").

Punctuation

Punctuation is the use of different marks in writing to make the meaning of the sentences clear.

ABC	,	'	's
Capital Letters	Comma	Apostrophe	Possessive
.	?	!	"..."
Full Stop	Question Mark	Exclamation Mark	Inverted Commas

Assertive and Imperative sentences require (.).
Exclamatory sentences and Interjections require (!).
Interrogative sentences require (?).

Capital letters are used :

• to start a sentence
• first letter of proper noun
• first letter of first word of inverted commas
• first letter of every line of a poem
• 'I' is always capital

Inverted commas (" ") are used to write direct speech within.

Let us look closely at commas

Usage of Comma	Examples
Between items of a series or a list	I planted daisies, roses, poppies and dahlias in my garden. I woke early, ate breakfast, got dressed and went out.
Between three or more adjectives or adverbs of same type.	This is an old, brown, wooden table. He worked quickly, quietly and confidently.
To give a puse in a long sentence	As it began to rain, we went in doors.

Using a comma to separate the last item in a list is optional; For example, Hari, ram, and Gita or Hari, Ram and gita - both are correct.

Apostrophe with possessive form

We use apostrophe with s to show belonging. This is used to make the possessive form of a noun.

We mostly use apostrophe (') with s with the following:

Apostrophe with possessive	Examples
People	These are the girl's books. (one girl) These are the girls' books. (two or more girls) This is Eve's book. This is my parents' cupboard. You can sleep in the children's room.
Animals	The dog's ears are ling. (one dog) These are the dogs' biscuits. (two or more dogs)
Some expressions of time	I'm taking a week's holiday in December. They gave me two months' leave.
Compound words	My brother-in-law's house is in the next lane.
The last noun to show joint possession of an object	Peter and Annes' bicycle was stolen yesterday.

With plural nouns, we only add an apostrophe after the -s. For examples :

• the girls' school
• the babies' toys

If the plural nouns do not end in an -s, then add the apostrophe and s. For examples :

• the women's bags
• the men's coats
• the children's crayons

We do not use apostrophe and s with names of places. For examples :

• Kovalam Beach
• Marine Drive

Apostrophe in contraction

We use apostrophes when we write contractions. The apostrophe shows the missing letter(s). Look at the words given below :

• are not = aren't
• will not = won't

Parts of a sentence

A sentence has two parts :

1. The subject is the person(s) or the thing(s) we are talking about. It may consist of one word or many words.
2. The predicate tells us something about the subject. It may also consist of one word or many words.

   An old woman	reads holy books
   Subject	Predicate

In some imperative sentences, the subject may not be stated. It is understood.
Complete your work. (You is the hidden subject.)

Sentences

A sentence is a group of words that makes a complete sense.

There are four kinds of sentences :

1. A sentence which simply says or states something is known as declarative or assertive sentence.
   Examples :
   John is an honest boy. (Affirmative)
   Tea is not hot. (Negative)


2. A sentence which asks a question is known as an interrogative sentence.
   Examples :
   Is John an honest boy?
   Why are trees useful?


3. A sentence which gives an order or make a request or an entreaty is known as an imperative sentence.
   Examples :
   Be kind. (order)
   Kindly pay the bill. (request)
   Please help me. (entreaty)


4. A sentence which expresses some strong feeling or emotion is known as exclamatory sentence.
   Examples :
   How beautiful the flower is!
   What a speech she gave!

• We always put a full stop (.) at the end of Assertive and Imperative sentence.
• We always put a question mark (?) at the end of Interrogative sentence.
• We always put an exclamation mark (!) at the end of Exclamatory sentence.

Articles

There are two types of articles :

• Indefinite 'a' and 'an'
• Definite 'the'

Read the table to understand when to use articles

Articles a/an	Examples
The articles a and an are indefinite srticles. They are used before singular common countable nouns. The articles a and an are also used before collective nouns.	a uniform, a ball a university, a one eyed man, a usual practice, an engine an onion, an hour, an honest man, an unbrella

An is used before singular common countable nouns beginning with a vowel sound, examples : an ox, an MLA

Articles the	Examples
The article the is a definite article. It is used before a specific or definite person or thing.	Bring me the uniform from the bedroom cupboard.
We also use the article before -
ordinal numbers	the first, the last
the superlative begree of comparison	the best, the highest
names of unique things	the earth, the sun, the sky
names of nationalities, races and communities	the Indians, the Americans
names of countries that indicate that the country is made up of many parts	the United Kingdom, the U.S.A
names of mountain ranges and deserts	the Himalayas, the Sahara
names of rivers, seas and oceans	the Ganga, the Arabian Sea
names of important buildings	the Red Fort, the Taj Mahal
names of newspapers and holy books	the Times of India, the Bible
to indicate certain noun	switch on the fan